An individual’s happiness or misery depends not so much on his material possessions or mastery over external nature as on the way his mind responds to life’s challanges.Our physical, intellectual, aesthetic, moral and spiritual development depends on a proper understanding and cultivation of the mind.

The Bhagavadgita On The Mind And Its Control

✅ The Mind is Fickle

The Bhagavadgita puts a great emphasis on the control of the mind. The mind is likened to the sixth sense, and described as fickle and unstable by nature. As an aspect of Nature, the human mind personifies the phenomenal world, its impermanance and instability.

In Chapter VI, Verse 34 Arjuna compares the mind to wind and says:

“The mind is very fickle indeed O Krishna, turbulent, strong and obstinate. I think it is as impossible to control the mind as the wind.”

And in the next verse, Lord Krishna concurs:

” Undoubtedly, O Mighty Armed, it is very difficult to control the ever moving mind. However, O son of Kunti, through sincere practice and dispassionate detachment (vairagya), it can be achieved.”

✅ The Mind Needs to be Stabilized

According to the Bhagavadgita, self-realization is not possible without achieving stability of the mind or the state of “sthithaprajna”. Stability of mind means to remain the same in all circumstances and under all conditions. The following verses give us an idea of what stability of mind is:

“When a person gives up all the desires in his thoughtful state and when his inner self is satisfied within itself, at that time he is said to be a ‘sthithaprajna’ ( a master in the stability of mind)

“Undisturbed amidst three fold miseries, immobile in happiness, free from attraction, fear and anger, is called a sage of stable mind.

“Who is everywhere without affection, who does not praise or loathe auspicious or inauspicious events, his mind is stabilized.”

In chapter V, we come across this verse:

“The knower of Brahman, stable of mind, established in the Supreme Brahman, shows no sign of rejoice when he achieves the objects of his desire nor agitation when unpleasant things happen to him.

“Unattached to external sense objects, immersed in himself, he remains blissful. Establishing his self in Brahman, such a Brahma yogi enjoys unlimited happiness.”

What is equanimity of the mind is described again in Chapter VI:

“He who has controlled his self (mind), certainly self is his best relation, but for him the self is his enemy who has not controlled his self.

“He who has conquered his self is in the company of the Supreme. In cold or heat, happiness or sorrow, respect or disrespect, he is always serene.

“He who is contended with knowledge and wisdom, who is stable and master of his senses and who treats equally gold or pebbles or a piece of stone , such a self-realized soul is fit to be called a Yogi.

“He is superior who maintains the same attitude towards his well wishers, friends, enemies, non-aligned, arbitrators, haters, relations, saints and sinners.

✅ Yoga techniques to stabilize the mind

In the following verses the concept is reemphasized and further elaborated, (Chapter VI, Verses 10-19):

“Let the yogi constantly keep his mind concentrated in his self, sitting alone in a secluded place, self-controlled, desireless and without any sense of possessiveness.

“In a clean place placing his firm seat, neither too low nor too high, covered with soft cloth, deer skin and kusa grass.

“There upon, sitting on that seat, with single pointed concentration, keeping his mind, senses and activities under firm control, he should practice yoga for self-purification.

“Holding the body, the neck and the head equally firm ( straight) and fixed, concentrating his gaze on the tip of his nose and not distracting himself

“With peaceful mind, fearless, practicing brahmacharya (vows of celibacy), mind subdued and established in Me, the Yogi should sit and make Me his ultimate goal.

“Practicing thus, ever established in the Self, with ordained mind the Yogi attains the highest peace and nirvana in My world.

“Yoga is neither for the voracious eater nor for the poor eater. It is neither for the excessive sleeper or for the excessive sleepless.

“A lamp in a windless place is the metaphor that can be used to describe a Yogi whose mind is under control and who is united with his inner Self.

✅ Concentrating the Mind on God is the Solution

In the following verses (Chapter XI, 7 & 8) Lord Krishna gives the following assurance to his devotees.

“I rescue them, O Partha, whose minds are set upon Me from the ocean of mortal samsara (worldly life).

“Upon Me fix your mind, in Me operate your intelligence and thereafter without doubt you shall live in Me only.

In Chapter 17, Verse 16, we come across the definition of austerity of mind,”

“Mental satisfaction, gentleness, silence, self-control, purification of thoughts, this is called the austerity of mind.”

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